Julius Bauer

Born:	08-14-1887
Faculty:	Medical School | Medical University Vienna
Category:	Expelled teacher

Julius BAUER (born on August 14^th, 1887 in Nachod, Bohemia [Náchod, Tschechische Republik], died on May 8^th, 1979, Beverly Hills, USA), had graduated at the Medical School at the University of Vienna on November 25^th, 1910 with the academic degree 'Dr. med.'. After his graduation he worked as an assistant professor at the university hospital in Innsbruck/Tyrol and continued his specialist training from 1914 on at the Poliklinik in Vienna. He was related to protagonists of the political and intellectual Viennese networks - Otto Bauer, the prominent Austrian social democrat politician, and his sister Ida Bauer who the world knows as "Dora" in Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic case study "Bruchstueck einer Hysterie-Analyse" (Fragment of an analysis of a case of hysteria), published in 1906 were his cousins (Julius Bauer's father Ludwig was the brother of Otto and Ida's father Philipp Bauer).
He became an Endocrinologist and a 'Privatdozent' for inner medicine in Vienna in 1919. He was announced 'a.o.Prof.' in 1926 and became the head of the Third Medical Department of the Poliklinik. In 1935 he avowed himself to be an opponent of the national socialist "Gesetz zur Verhütung erbkranken Nachwuchses" (Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring). Thus he was excluded from the German Society of Internal Medicine. Julius Bauer was persecuted in times of Nazism as a Jew lost his position and was thrown out of the university on April 22^nd, 1938.  In 1938 he could successfully emigrate to France and further on to the USA, where he got a new position at the Louisiana State University in New Orleans in 1939/40 and was clinical professor at the Loma Linda University in California from 1941 to 1961. He could continue in academic teaching, but no with his scientific research in the emigration. He and his wife, the physician and romanist Marianne Melitta Bauer-Jokl and their children (Franz Karl Adolf Ernst Bauer, born 1917 in Vienna and Klaus Friedrich Bauer, born 1919 in Vienna) emigrated to New Orleans/USA and therefor they were deprived of their citizenship on August 30^th, 1941. In consequence they both were also deprived of their academic degrees - she already on July 14^th, 1942, he on April 1^st, 1943 -, with the racist argument, that they as jews were not considered dignified an academic degree of a German university ('eines akademischen Grades einer deutschen Hochschule unwürdig'). In his autobiography he describes himself as a typical modern scientist with international networks, neither religious nor political active. It took 12 years since the deprivation - and a very long time since the end of Nazism - until the regranting of the doctorate took finally place on May 15^th, 1955.

Lit.: Archive of the University of Vienna/graduation registry ("Promotionsprotokoll") MED M 33.9, Nr. 1156, personnel file PA MED 30, Senate S 304.41, Rectorate GZ 118 ex 1941/42, Rectorate GZ 151 ex 1941/42 (=S 127.9), Rectorate GZ 184 ex 1944/45, Rectorate GZ 561 ex 1944/45; Austrian State Archive OeStA/ AdR/ BMF/ VA 63829; OeStA/ AdR/ BMF/ AHF 16736; ARIAS, Julius Bauer in: ARIAS 2008; BAUER 1964; HOFER 2007; MERINSKY 1980, 14-16b; MUeHLBERGER 1993, 18; UB MedUni Wien/van Swieten Blog; POSCH 2009, 207; REITER-ZATLOUKAL/SAUER 2022; STADLER/WEIBEL 1995 ; STADLER II 2004 [1988], 87-88; TRAGL 2007, 293; Helmut WYKLICKY, Julius Bauer. Zur Feier seines 90. Geburtstages am 14. August 1977. In: Österreichische Ärztezeitung, 32.Jg., H.12, 870-872; information from Andy Ellis, University of York/GB 08/2012 and from Dr. Barbara Sauer, Vienna 09/2019.

Katharina Kniefacz, Herbert Posch